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Recent studies show that London did not lose the status of the global world center. It is interesting that 65% of buyers in the market of elite housing in London are foreigners.

The composition of buyers largely reflects changes in the global economic scene. For example, the real estate market premium return Russian-speaking buyers. Also increased the number of buyers from Brazil, where economic growth last year was 7.5%. Significant is the emergence of the Chinese in almost all markets.

Buyers of elite real estate tend to be very small set of specific areas. Thus, in the British capital investors from Eastern Europe and the Middle East were concentrated in the area of?? Knightsbridge (Knightsbridge), which is the best real estate in London. These people are interested in status and shall have the bright lights of the central squares.

For example, in January, one of these buyers – Ukrainian billionaire Rinat Akhmetov – bought two flats in Knightsbridge worth? 136,6 million ($ 222.5 million), then combining them into one penthouse.

In the nearby area – Kensington (Kensington) – with its proximity to museums and cafes typical customers are French, Swiss and Italians.

Americans prefer a property in the London borough of Hampstead (Hampstead). Recently 80% of foreign buyers in the area are just investors from America. Buyers of this mills attracted quintessence “London villages” with the elegant Victorian houses.

Note that the ratio of foreign and local buyers in the real estate market in London is the highest in the world. So, last month 64% of investors who bought property in central London, whose price exceeded? 5 million ($ 8.1 million), amounted to foreigners. This is probably the highest figure ever recorded.

Number of countries from which to buy property in London, has also increased: 61 Nationality this year against 46 in 2009. Most of the buyers are from Russia, China, India and the Middle East.

Stable economy and political situation have made the London property an excellent means to preserve their wealth. A fall in the pound by 20% against the dollar since 2008 have made residential properties in London more attractive.

Commercial real estate in the prestigious area of??London’s West End in 2010 has risen to? 85 per square foot, and this – is already up to? 90. These figures suggest that the offices in London outstripped by the cost of similar properties in Tokyo – hitherto the most expensive city in the world in terms of prices for commercial real estate.

A study conducted by the agency Knight Frank, considered 105 international markets for commercial real estate.

The previous two years office properties in the West End served in the ranking only second row, behind the leadership of Tokyo. This situation was a result of bankruptcy Lehman Brothers. However, a study this year shows that property in London is regaining its leading position thanks to strong consumer demand, which contributed to a significant increase in rental rates.

For example, rent per square foot of commercial real estate luxury in London’s West End cost the tenants in late 2010 at? 85 per square foot. This is a 31% jump compared with the beginning of that year. Since late last year, offices in the West End have increased in price still? 5 for further reduction of the free estate and the growing interest from media moguls such as the NBC, Google and Apple.

However, offices in Tokyo, lost in the price because of the increasing number of vacant properties and the unstable economic situation that has exacerbated the recent earthquake.

In third place in the ranking was Hong Kong, collecting bonuses from the great concentration of renters. The top ten also includes offices in Moscow, Paris, Singapore, the City of London, Sydney, Mumbai and Lagos.

Loans to buy home fell by 5% per annum for four months. Experts predict a further reduction in price of credits for the purchase of cars, and believe this market is the most promising among the areas of retail lending.

According to the company Prostbank Consulting, the most rapid depreciation of all auto loans to demonstrate new domestic car. Since the average rate on loans to buy cars of domestic production for a period of three years on 14.06. 2010 is 23.87%, the real per annum, whereas as at 22.02. 2010 it was 28.96% real per annum. Thus, for four months the drop was 5.09 percentage points. Number of banks providing this type of loan, among the 50 leading banks by assets over the same period increased from 8 to 10.

Experts believe that rates will continue to decline until the end of 2010. “Rates on auto loans will continue to decline until the end of the year may fall at one or two percentage points – predicts Vitaly Shastun, board member of the Universal Bank. – This is due to the influx of deposits in the banking system, which leads to increased liquidity and, as a consequence – to lower interest rates on deposits. Reducing the cost of a resource for the banks give the last opportunity to lower and interest rates on loans. ”

Supports colleague and Maxim Zhirkov, head of product development and systems of the individual bank’s business “Forum:” Changing the rates on auto loans is directly related to the rate on the deposit market. Who is it for a long time tend to reduce rates in all currencies at all possible placements. This trend is visible, and in reducing rates on loans, including the purchase of cars. In the near future, as well as during the summer and fall, rates will likely continue to decline smoothly – under one percent per annum for the average rate in the market. ” “In the long term to reduce interest rates on auto loans will be another precondition – gradually in the backlog of cheaper hryvna deposit resource”, – adds Shaperenkov Anton, director of product management, retail business VAB Bank.

Also, experts say, and that the number of banks, car loans, will increase. “Today, car loans is the most promising and” live “segment of retail lending, so it was logical that many banks are willing to participate in retail loans, car loans come in a segment first. One of the important reasons for this – a short-term programs, car loan: due to the relatively short term operation of the vehicle the customer is generally interested in the soonest settlement of the loan. The greatest demand today use credit for a period of 2-3 years, although there are proposals for a period of 5-7 years “- said Vitaly Shastun.

Confirms the interest of banks in car loans and Kushlyk Alexander, director of auto loans plus Bank: Auto Loans – currently one of the few credit products in the principle of “available” for banks, including in terms of liquidity (loans are not for such long possible, as, for example, mortgage lending) and the least risky of the options available (eg in comparison with the retail cash credit). In addition, this area is characterized by a more appropriate lending opportunities back problem credit debt – and seizure of collateral, and in its implementation. ”

Banks that provide loans for the purchase of new cars of domestic production, among the 50 leading banks: BM Bank, Volksbank, VTB Bank, Megabank, Erste Bank, Pravex Bank, Marine Transport Bank, Forum, UkrSibbank, Universal Bank.

Of the smaller agencies have information about what loans are: MetaBank, the Bank of Cyprus, Plus Bank, Astra Bank, the Ukrainian National Bank for Development

Energy experts have not ruled out building a plant for producing nuclear fuel in Ukraine in Kharkov was provided arrangements. Such opinion during the press conference expressed the president of the Kiev Energy Club Q-Club, Alexander Todiychuk correspondent MIGnews.com.ua.

“I do not exclude that such a hasty integration in the energy sector can be part of the gas agreements. We have seen sharahane Yulia Tymoshenko after signing gas contracts, but not the best to date and are Kharkiv arrangement in which, I think it’s not just the Black Sea fleet. I believe that there are many components, and we are not immune to surprises in the coming days, “- he said.

An expert said that after Ukraine joined the European Energy Community, it integrates into the EU “on paper”, while actually in the area of?? energy integration goes to the Russian Federation.

“We’re addicted to oil and gas. Unfortunately, no one says that even the nut on the pipe itself, we can not tighten. We can do this only with the permission of “Transneft”. We are being kept secret, or not discussed at all. While nuclear power – is the only way to balance the energy security of Ukraine, but we are renting, “- said Alexander Todiychuk.

In turn, the energy expert Olga Kosharnaya, noted that the construction of a uranium plant – it’s a positive thing, but the main thing – to know under what conditions do. “If we give Russia the construction, it shall also, and we depend on,” – said the expert.

In her opinion, Russia is a strong negotiator, who puts Ukraine on the conditions thought-out scenario, while Ukraine is going to the talks without a clear plan on what terms to agree, but on what does not.

Olga Kosharnaya also stated that the estimates, applications for construction of the plant will be twice exceeded. “So far, the Ministry of Energy announced a 5 billion USD. But I think that the estimate will be exceeded in two times,” – said the expert. In addition, she expressed the opinion that the construction of a plant in Ukraine have reduced the price of our energy resources, in particular, would make the lower cost of fuel for nuclear power plants.

In turn, the energy expert Svetlana Golikova expressed the view that the decision to build a uranium plant probably present a political rather than economic component. “Perhaps this integration process to a unified energy system of the type of” peace, friendship, “as it was in the Soviet Union. Russia is a political tool very successfully used in relations with Ukraine “, – she said.

Since the beginning of tourist season, the agency in charge of Bulgaria for the quality of food (”Agentsiyata for safety on the store”), initiates a massive test for hotels Black Sea coast, to provide “all inclusive» (all inclusive).

The main purpose – to check the quality of food. Agency Director Jordan Voinov said received information that the products that have expired are purchased in large hypermarkets for a low price just hotels, providing guests a «all inclusive». It is for this reason, the agency began its investigation in cooperation with the Agency for Consumer Protection.

“In an effort to get as many tourists, the hotels offer very low prices, we do not understand how can get the cost of 7 euros per day if the scheme” all inclusive “- added Jordaan War.

Likewise, the agency received information about the fraud of alcohol in hotels. According Voinov, alcohol brought in to the hotels in barrels and more bottled.

The agency plans to open reception, where tourists will be able to complain about the quality of its products. In addition, Jordan Voinov recommends tourists who have doubts about the quality of products, demand quality certificate indicating the expiry date.

Besides hotels, the agency will check the storage conditions and product quality in restaurants.

Agency for Food Safety was established in Bulgaria only in January this year, but has already become famous – in March, in Sofia, for a bribe when checking fur, were detained by two officers of this agency.

Given that the audit announced in advance, you can rest assured that nothing will be found.

Earlier it was reported here that Russia will be the last in a series of visits of government delegations of Spain in 6 countries in the commercial tour, undertaken in order to enhance the sale of Spanish real estate to foreigners. But plans changed and already on June 9 Secretary of Housing of Spain Beatriz Corredor (La secretaria de Estado Espanol de Vivienda, Beatriz Corredor) submitted a report to Moscow about the development of the property market in Spain.

According to reports, which were prepared at the direction of the Minister of Development Jose Blanco, (ministro de Fomento, Jose Blanco), to Whom belongs the said State Secretariat, the sale of objects of Spanish housing Russians in the past year has increased by 21% compared to the year before. It is noteworthy that 620, 000 Russians visited in 2010 in Spain as a tourist. Then increase the intensity of the relationship twice, 42%.

Dona Beatriz told Russian businessmen, representatives of the tourism sector of the Russian economy and journalists about the current level of prices and changes in legal rules, which are aimed at increasing interest from the citizens of Russia – the likely investors. Once again it is in their rhetoric used its traditional argument (verbatim): “It is a very opportune time for investment in Spanish property – due to normal market fluctuations in price significantly dropped, whereas the traditional factors of attraction are still competitive.”

According to Corredor lady, as expressed in Moscow, reducing the average cost of the Spanish housing is within 20% for the whole of Spain, and in some cities on the Mediterranean coast reached 40% cheaper.

The advantages of a high-ranking Spanish official in Spain called reliability, geographical accessibility, excellent climate, quality of service, improved in recent years, a network of roads and railways, and all that is embedded in the concept of infrastructure. “This is the view of most Russians, who have bought houses and apartments in our country,” – she said.

Note that the first four months of 2011 in Spain occurred oschktimy growth in revenues from foreign tourists visiting the country. Visitors to shell out 13 million euros. Along with guests from Germany and the UK Russians recognized as one of the most generous.

It is no secret that Spain has great balance is not sold out of housing, which remained unclaimed since the pre-crisis era, when Spanish homes, apartments and land in high demand and are actively under construction. An unusual tour, as mentioned above, began with England and was due to expire in Russia, but the latter would now, Sweden.

Let me remind you that, to attract buyers and investors developed a series of conferences and shows under the English name of “road show”. Behind Britain, France and Germany. More May 4 Jose Blanco – Minister of Spain – a temporary career change and became the highest ranking in world history, traveling salesman, who will travel to six countries.

The composition of the Spanish delegation includes representatives from government, private Photovoltaic, press. The dynamics of foreign investment in Spanish property has demonstrated the first alarming signs in 2004, when the number purchased by visitors from outside of housing has declined. The total inflow of capital from abroad in 2003 was 7.07 billion euros

Further, by decreasing: in 2004, 6.65 billion euros in 2005, 5.49 billion euros, and in 2006 4.72 billion euros. Inexplicable leap occurred in 2007 when the index of 5.34 billion euros corresponded to the relative rate + 13.3% compared to 2006. Next, again by decreasing until last year: in 2008, 5.33 billion euros in 2009, 3.65 billion euros, than indicated reduction -31.5% vs. 2008. But in 2010, 3.76 billion euro (+3% vs. 2009)

Spain went on such an unprecedented step because of the situation in the global real estate market. By the end of 2010 was marked decline in the share of the construction industry in the total GDP of Spain to 12,8%. The decline in construction industry, which is not in harmony with the general input-output balances of the country, many experts call a “historic”. It has become a cause in the Spanish society of the country too much trouble. The proof is the fact that a relatively short period of time the demand for workers in companies of the sector has been reduced almost to nothing. Work lost more than a million construction workers. Note that in the “golden” years for the industry overall headcount reached 2.8 million.

Meanwhile, India: Investments in real estate in the country over the past year increased 10 times and reached $ 593 million, according to the Association of Foreign Investors in Real Estate (AFIRE), India ranks among the top-5 in developing countries most attractive for investments in real estate (along with China, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey).

Turkey. Before the crisis, the construction sector grew faster pace, exceeding GDP growth in Turkey. As a result of the crisis in 2009, the construction sector fell by 18%, but in the I half of 2010 once again received a positive trend (plus 10,3%) and pulled the whole economy of Turkey.

The same period, UK: activity of the construction sector the UK in February increased most rapidly over the past eight months, these survey results were published on Wednesday and they have exceeded expectations of economists, who forecast a slight slowdown in the industry. According to published data, the Purchasing Managers Index / PMI / construction sector rose in February to 56.5 against 53.7 a month earlier.

The same time, China would not react as the global crisis in the sector and moving towards the implementation of major projects. In 2011 starts the construction of the world’s largest exhibition center in Shanghai with the amount of investment over 3.6 billion U.S. Dollars. There’s also built very high-rise hotel in the world 639 meters high. Projected construction of a skyscraper in Wuhan height of more than 600 meters.

In order to reduce the price of housing (China in 2009-2010, became the leader of a planetary scale in terms of growth cost per square meter. The capital of the Middle Kingdom began the mass construction of cheap apartments. They will be 37 million, including more than 10 million will be built in 2011. According to estimations of experts, in the near future, the Chinese construction market housing will be doubled.

Decline in the area for the sake of Transport

Square Moscow-City “are reduced by 635, 000 square meters This was announced in early June at the board meeting of the Construction Complex of Moscow’s deputy mayor, Marat Khusnullin. As the experts think tank “Real Estate Market Indicators, housing density problem” Moscow City “has long been brewing. On the tube around the area all the complaining for many years, although the “settling” the tenants have already built the towers is far faster pace. And the decline in construction, it seems, more announced.

Space saving

The Moscow City Government refused to build in the “City” of its own complex for posting here all the structures of government and the mayor of the capital. After the crisis, the cost of the project (even after moving most of the costs of obedient investors) became a “bite”. Back in the early construction of the project this writer pointed out that in the government center involves placing employees of city government at the rate of 20-22 square meters. M per person. For comparison: even in the most prestigious commercial Class A office complex, the figure is an average of no more than 10 sq ft per employee.

Thus, a complex of administrative buildings of the Moscow government will not be here – the volume of the building drop from 636, 000 to 351, 000 square meters and will be put on public sale, said Khusnullin. (Although the number of parking spaces in the planned parking lot will remain and will be approximately 21,600, plus about 10 000 beds adjacent to the “Moscow-City area.)

Another victim – suffering tower “Russia”, which was supposed to be another record high. Feasibility of such a record has been challenged for many years. It is best to put the Moscow City Duma deputy Mikhail Moskvin-Tarkhanov: “Yet we do not Dubai and Asia and Africa, we can be proud of and other things….” Another 520, 000 sq ft – down.

Exhibition Centre (180, 000 sq ft) also was among the excess, said Marat Khusnullin.

True, the math does not converge: if you add up all removed from the project “Moscow-City area, you get 985, 000 sq ft, not 635 thousand sq. M. This makes the difference by one third – is difficult to explain the errors in the calculations.

Transportation problems

Motorists Moscow had long been unconsciously take into account when making decisions about routes busy road junctions near the “City” – though at the intersection of Third Ring Road with Kutuzov Avenue, although on-site at Zvenigorod highway, at least for Krasnopresnenskaya embankment. Road projects around the MIBC a lot, but traffic jams there, as in the capital as a whole, not decreasing.

But in the future with a new transport accessibility such as the Moscow administration has understood. Number of parking spaces remain at the stated level, despite the decline in the area in the MIBC will come two more subway lines – in 2013 from the station. “Victory Park” and the second (when – not stated) will connect Downtown with the center and northern parts of the city, said Khusnullin.

Metro station Park Pobedy on Poklonnaya Hill and the Metro in an international business center Moscow City “linking the new line, said on Wednesday, June 8, chief architect, Alexander Kuzmin, the capital. “We got this link for two years” – he said (quoted by Interfax “). On the second line of the metro chief architect of the capital did not.

For comparison: “Moscow-City and Canary Wharf

The final total volume of space in the “Moscow City” could, according to various sources, within the 2.5 million – 4.7 million sq. M. Estimated number of employees, residents and visitors, too, is not entirely clear. According to the different pages of the official site, “the number of employees and guests of the preliminary estimate will reach 250 000 – 300 000 people in one section and” 350 000 – 500 000 “- in another.

In the project “Moscow City”, according to the new president of the management company “Moscow City” – JSC “City” – Andrei Lukyanov, a 32 000 – 35 000 parking spaces. At Canary Wharf, according to the official site – only 2900.

In London, the project’s business and shopping center of Canary Wharf, – one of the world’s most famous systems in recent years – 1.3 million sq ft of office and retail space, of which 734, 000 sq ft belongs to Canary Wharf Group. In total the company employs 90, 000 people.

In a recent interview Lukyanov, RIA Novosti said that the JSC “City” has two own project – to 20-m plot and the Taras Shevchenko embankment. Earlier, Vedomosti newspaper reported that the Moscow mayor’s office can break investment contracts with “City on the 20 Precinct. However, according Lukyanov, the JSC “City” is not investment contracts with the city. At 20-m section (long-term lease) is now office of the City. ” “In GPZU (urban development plan of the land) referred to as multi-functional complex, and the city raising fears that we will build another 180, 000 sq ft of office space, which is now planned for Moscow-City” with a good margin. We explained that construction of hotels and apartments, “- said Lukyanov.

Who benefits?

From the project “Moscow City” removed a lot of office space and exhibition complex. From this, if we consider the market situation, the benefit gets the first World Trade Center on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment (see “From the development of” Moscow City “wins the World Trade Center).

At ITC backyard huge exhibition Expocentre, he built another round hotel (aparthotel), creating a more comfortable environment for international business. However, the developers of the City “from the outset feared that the” scum “from the project will remove those who have time to line up nearby, but early. Back in 2008 www.irn.ru warned that “Moscow-City Developers are afraid of competitors). So tried to do Mirax, reclaimed from the IKEA site on Kutuzov Avenue on-site laundry building control department of the president of Russia. Mirax has recently put up for sale yet and the area of?? the business center near the Kiev train station (see “Cooperation is better than conflict of interest”).

In terms of housing the main developers (even had time to build penthouses and apartments on the upper floors of mixed-use buildings) is still most likely will not receive any serious business expansion.

The ban on construction of housing within the Third Ring Road is well within the mainstream of politics mayor Sergei Sobyanin after its ban in the capital for the construction of office and retail complexes.

Previous administration, Yuri Luzhkov has acted in the 1990’s. More market, for example, quietly buying over the years shares the right businesses, then to “stake out” the entire territory owned by the city, sharply to begin work on the construction of MIBC “Moscow City”. However, to buy the company for the Moscow-City-2 “(more residential than office district) surreptitiously no longer possible: the market participants knew which way the wind blows, and the earth (in the form of shares in companies along the highway to Horoshevskoe Mnevniki) soared in price ( details, see “The embargo on the construction of the center: it seems the better”).

Complications

Not benefit the development of the Moscow-City “will go and the latest scandal, which drew the attention of the newspaper Vedomosti. It turns out, indirectly, much of the “Moscow City” belongs to the notorious Yeltsin family. Half Tower Imperia Tower in Moscow-City “and a half managing the business center of the City are owned by a Cypriot company Valtania. The name derives from “Valea + Tani” – name-in-law and daughters of Russia’s first president. Valentin Yumashev, the former chief of staff and son-in-the first Russian President Boris Yeltsin, was associated with the construction business.

The principal owner of “City” is considered the oligarch Oleg Deripaska. In the report, “City” for the I quarter of 2011 stated that 83.92% of the company is in the nominee of his bank “Union”. Close to the “City” the source says it is 49.58% – in Yumashev, and 34.34% – from Deripaska. Deripaska – Yumashev in-law: he is married to his daughter, Pauline. Yumashev interests in the “City” is a Cypriot offshore Valtania Holdings. The Russian office is headed by Oleg Valtania Grankin, who is also chairman of the City. ”

However, on the relationship of the powerful is better to read a primary source. But it is clear that such surfaced on the surface of a sudden scandal or evidence of an impending redistribution of property, or the desire to bring sharper focus to the “Moscow City” by tenants or investors, analysts www.irn.ru.

The opposite direction of the vectors of price makes itself felt

Relatively sharp decline in demand for apartments for rent in April compared to March (by 15,4%, according to Miel “), the majority of Realtors says seasonality. Approaching the May holidays, and summer vacations with just around the corner.

However, some facts on the rental market signals alarming bell on the direction of the overall dynamics of metropolitan housing market, experts point to the analytical center “Real Estate Market Indicators.” At least, they deserve to be on them to think about.

Overview

According to Miel, the maximum offer of apartments in April, as in previous months, in terms of budget, accounted for the price range from $ 1000 to $ 3000 (69.54%), in second place – offer apartments ranging from $ 750 to $ 1000 (20, 91%) per month. For elite apartments cost from $ 6000 had only 0.73% of total supply.

Most offered to rent one-bedroom (43,9%) and two-bedroom apartments (40.11%). In general, the maximum sentence for many months now accounts for two-bedroom apartments in the range of $ 1000-3000.

Maximum demand was flat cost from $ 1000 to $ 3000 (49.66%), the lowest demand was luxury apartments cost from $ 6000 (0,11%). The great demand was for one-bedroom apartments (59.82%), half less – in doubles (29.35%), the lowest demand in April, used a multi-room apartments (1.43%).

In total, according to the company “ABC Shelter, the monthly rent in the capital offers about 200 000 flats.

Disturbing “calls”

First of all guards continued leaching from the market the cheapest apartments. The most dramatic gap between supply and demand in April is observed in the cheapest price range (5.19-fold), the report says the company “Miel”. This is explained by the fact that apartments priced below $ 750 (up to 20 000 rubles.) Per month on the Moscow market, and in the immediate vicinity of Moscow, offered very little, and the proposal continues to fall, while demand remains high because of low paying employers.

On the other hand, the level of potential demand in the rental market in Moscow, as measured by the number of complaints from tenants, according to the company “ABC Housing”, in May, seems to be increased again by 12%, the number of contracts of employment has increased by 7% compared with the previous month. But why? Analysts www.irn.ru note that this increase in demand is just a temporary, seasonal. Supply is replenished apartments rented owners, moving to country houses for the period from May to September.

“Rental rates for such” seasonal housing, typically 8-10% lower than the average. Part of the potential employers were quick to take advantage of offer favorable conditions, “- said Maria Baskov, head of leasing company” ABC Housing.

In general, the end of May the amount of rental offers metropolitan housing compared to the previous month has not changed. But the average rent in the Moscow market declined in May by 2.5% and was, according to real estate agents “ABC Housing”, 69, 300 rubles. Per month.

Over, this figure is rather conditional, it can be considered no more than one index. But, like any index, it shows the general direction of the price dynamics of the market.

What is it in this case affected? As already mentioned, first of all, adding an additional amount “summer” low-cost apartments. But this effect temporarily, by the end of June of this offer in the market practically does not remain.

Furthermore, as can attest to any faced with the challenge of hiring low-cost housing, a suitable low-budget and at the same time to find a quality version of it is very difficult. And when we manage to find it – in a contract once there is an item on the periodic revision of prices (usually assumed upward), or a contract for a fixed price is not more than six months or a year.

This once again confirms that the low level of solvency of potential tenants quickly “washed out” low-cost apartments from the market. And with more high budget “customers” are trying to find something better. As a result, the losers are the owners of two-bedroom apartments, but inferior: located in inconvenient areas with heavy transport accessibility, without repair, furniture and household appliances, etc. On the one hand, the owners are not psychologically ready to take it home at a price close to the cost of one-bedroom apartments, on the other – it is not immediately find his tenant.

Another step

Some analogy seen in the market and sales of apartments. According to the analytical center www.irn.ru, the index of the cost of housing in Moscow in May grew by 2,8%. However, the information portal www.metrinfo.ru, ruble prices for apartments in Moscow in May added less: about 2% due to the weakening dollar. And as shown by a more dynamic weekly indices, growth rates of the end of May fell to 0.3% in a week or just over 1% per month. That is the real estate prices in Moscow are ready to grow by no more than inflation, or about 1% per month.

True, it may be noted that the market sales is expected to increase the overall price index due to the rapid “washout” of the cheapest new buildings from the market. But if cheap Rent still occasionally come into the market regardless of the policy developers or the government of Moscow, then on the sale of apartments may appear only in direct proportion to the success of builders.

As noted in the Survey of real estate market after May 2011, on the one hand, all the factors of macro-economic background, including record oil prices, continued to decline in construction in Moscow would have to contribute to higher prices per square meter, with a substantial rise in price. But on the other hand, observed an increase in prices for Moscow real estate in its magnitude does not correspond to the scale mentioned external factors, moreover, the major part likely due to the instability of exchange rates and inflation, rather than a real appreciation of the “squares”.

It is noteworthy that the least grown up in May one-bedroom apartments, and most large-area apartment – treshki and multi-room apartments. Coupled with the greatest increase in prices of expensive types of houses there have said numerous times on www.irn.ru picture of the transition to a market slowdown. Thus, in periods of price acceleration in the rate gains knocked forward the most inexpensive apartments, but expensive and less liquid housing behind. During periods of deceleration and stagnation of the market all the reverse. More information about this criterion can be read by the example of previous years in the article “Expensive and low-cost housing: the index bundle of the real estate market.” Accordingly, the current distribution of price changes by type of housing means braking and stopping the price increase, which can also be seen weekly on the dynamics of the indices.

But the rental market, according to the Primer housing “, the picture is the opposite: a negative trend at 1.9% to 4.3% demonstrated a three-and multi-room apartments. While most liquid “unity” rose half a percent. True, these variations may well be explained by a simple error statistics.

Most likely, analysts say www.irn.ru, indicators of market rent will more clearly reflect the likely trends of the housing market is closer to autumn, when will be more long-term employment contracts. More information about this can be found in the articles “Oil Painting”: for rent as an indicator of the economy “and” Painting with a pencil “: flat to rent in the figures.

I can understand when the offer to Belarus to move to the Russian ruble.

But the proposal to move to the Kazakh tenge – this is a clear mockery.

“In Kazakhstan are discussing the possibility of devaluation of imports from the Customs Union – in particular, in the parliament have raised this question, citing the example of Belarus. And offer to Belarus the transition to th, as a more sustainable means of payment. Kazakhstani experts are sure: the most important for Belarus – to enter the single course.

“Devaluation debate” arose during the discussion at the plenary session the draft law “On ratification of Agreement on the establishment of conditions in financial markets to ensure free movement of capital.”

In the first stage of a forge exchange of information between the competent authorities of countries on a permanent basis. The second stage begins harmonizing national laws, including licensing requirements, the order to oversee financial market participants. Complete the work necessary to December 31, 2013…

However, more was not to disturb the further integration of Kazakhstan with Russia and Belarus, and a possible devaluation: The currency crisis in the Republic of Belarus is growing, the dollar has risen by 56%. And this is only the first stage, – the deputy Vladimir Nekhoroshev. – Today there is a shortage of euros. Dollars, all sweep… The Belarusian opposition supports the transition to the Russian ruble. Maybe they offer go to our tenge? “.

In light of what has recently been ratified an agreement on agreed principles of monetary policy, as far as abide by this agreement of Belarus? “Devaluing its currency, whether it has set us know? Because we can also indirectly be affected?” – The deputy said, recalling that previous devaluations carried out in Kazakhstan, was due to the internal situation and external influence, in particular the devaluation of the national rates in Russia and Ukraine. It is therefore logical that such a move now expected – especially since the market is something common, writes news agency Regnum.

However, the chairman of the National Bank of Kazakhstan with this opinion disagreed, saying that is no reason to expect a devaluation not.

A similar theme picks up on their pages business newspaper “Business and government,” surveys of analysts from both Belarus and Kazakhstan within. As explained by the “&” department head of Economic Research, KISR Anar Rakhimzhanova, Belarusian crisis could affect the volume of deliveries of goods from Belarus to Kazakhstan. But for us it will have little noticeable, since the bilateral trade between the two countries is low, and even within the TC core trade in Kazakhstan is with Russia. But Kazakhstan has an obvious interest in development projects in Belarus, because there have a direct access to the European market, discusses A. Rakhimzhanova.

According to Director of Public Policy Research Center Meruert Makhmutova, the devaluation of the Belarusian currency shows how vulnerable our economies.

“In principle, large Belarusian enterprises nobody but Russia will not buy it. Who needs half of Beltransgaz, if the other half owned by Gazprom, if this system goes on Russian gas, and in case of what Gazprom could all this gas to redirect” Nord Stream pipeline beneath the Baltic Sea? Who needs oil refineries, distilled only Russian oil? ” – Asks questions of Mr. Namazbaev.

When Belarus will come to a common currency exchange rate, remains a mystery. Specifically, it is clear that the current 56% devaluation – not the limit. The main thing for the country – is the need to go to a single course. Central Bank will have to solve another serious problem: how to manage external debt. As of 1 January 2011 it stood at $ 28.5 billion, or 52.2% of GDP. During 2010 the debts of Belarus increased by 29.2%. Per capita debt of the country at the beginning of the year was $ 3007. With such figures to get another loan to Minsk will be very difficult to say Kazakh financiers.

Loans for car purchase with no down payment the borrower in 2011 would not – according to experts. Banks are not willing to enter such programs because of the high level of risk for them, so the bottom bracket advances will be 10-15%.

Experts predict that in 2011, banks still will not offer auto loans with zero-advances, as in 2008. “I think the initial fee will be not less than 10-15% in 2011 – said Ivan Kuzovkin, deputy chairman of Bank of Cyprus. “Requirements for the first installment in the standard offer will be reduced to 10-15% of the car” – also believes Shaperenkov Anton, Director of Marketing Retail VAB Bank.

The minimum down payment for the purchase of new cars among the 50 largest banks by assets at 17.01. 2011 was 10%. However, such conditions offer only one bank (VAB Bank) and only on certain brands cars. Loans with the advances of 15% and 20% also offer only one institution (Alfa-Bank and the Bank “Forum”, respectively). The most common size of the advance – 30% of such conditions in the 15 banks among the biggest.

According to experts, banks will not significantly reduce the amount of advances in 2011 because of the unwillingness to take on additional risks. “Down payments are one of the main parameters affecting the level of credit risk. Minimum deposit – this is a direct way to increase the level of riskiness of loans issued, and the majority of banks in the current situation is unlikely to go. In my opinion – 10% minimum threshold for advance payment for 2011 “- explains Kushlyk Alexander, director of automotive credit plus Bank. “Experience has shown that loans with zero-advances granted prior to the crisis, are the basis of portfolios of distressed loans. Advance payment on the one hand reduces the cost of credit to the borrower, on the other – is a relative guarantee the solvency of the borrower to the bank “, – said Vitaly Zhihartsev, head of car loans Astra Bank.

However, experts do not exclude that some lenders will reduce the down payment to 5%, but warn that the interest rate on such loans will be higher than the standard. “We believe that the advance payment for credit programs in 20% of the cost of the car is best for the client. Perhaps, some banks will reduce the initial payment of up to 5-15%, but credit the program with such a low advance fee will be substantially more expensive for the client “, – said Vitaly Zhihartsev.

In July 2011, CSTI “Progress” presents three seminars on the construction, dealing with emerging technologies and in-demand areas of construction: low-rise construction, the construction using metal-span trusses and organization of building control concrete and concrete work.

04-08.07 energy efficient Low-rise residential buildings ekonomklassa

NEW! A new program from CSTI “Progress” is considering all the issues associated with designing and building low-rise buildings. Participants will start with the strengths and weaknesses of the examples of foreign and domestic experience, consider the practice of law for low-rise construction with the latest developments and hear a detailed story about the technical side – the peculiarities of land, an organization of foundations, modern heating and hot water, using innovations in supply systems, the requirements for fire safety.

11-14.07 The new rules for monitoring and evaluation of durability of concrete on construction sites

After the abolition of the GOST 18105-86 on concrete, CSTI “Progress” has developed a training program for the oversight, assessing the strength and the actual class of concrete testing laboratories. This program was vital to construction companies. The seminar is held twice a year and consistently receives high marks listeners.

See all reviews listeners of previous seminars: “The holding of such workshops deem it necessary! Thank you! “Aleinikov IY, LLC Absolut commissioned service.”

19-22.07 Design and construction of buildings with metal frames. Large-span industrial, commercial and warehouse buildings

The workshop provides answers to questions of design and reconstruction of long-span structures based on metal. Leading specialists of the St. Petersburg explain the basic technical aspects and design features. Unusual visiting class-based multi-building project “Mail of Russia” will consider the practical implementation of design solutions.

Seminars are held in our own training complex CSTI “Progress” in the historical center of St. Petersburg. Meet with a complete program – http://www.cntiprogress.ru/specially/page/15899

To sign up for a seminar visit our website or by telephone in St. Petersburg (812) 331 88 88 (multi).

Company Info:

Scientific and technical information center “Progress” – a leader in short-term training in 1996:

- We offer educational programs in 50 vocational areas: more than 170 seminars a month, and 2000 seminars a year.

- Education in the CSTI “Progress” has trained over 120, 000 executives and professionals in various industries.

Estimated volume of the room – one million units.

The idea of?? the fund is that the means of the shareholders acquired new finished apartment (or apartments under construction), and then rented out. Fund performance depends on two components:

“Changes in property prices;

“Lease payments.

Rules of the fund provides for payment of interim earnings to owners of shares REIT “Arsagera – houses twice a year at a rate of 3% of the NAV of the fund.

Become a shareholder of the REIT “Arsagera – houses” and possibly beyond the period of extra accommodation. Fund units are traded on the MICEX Stock Exchange, ticker: PIFArsZhD. For more information about the fund can be found here.

Price policy hull can not be less than 5% of the cost of the car. Otherwise, look for tricks.

According to statistics, buying policies of Hull in conjunction with the acquisition of a new vehicle in a hurry, not all car owners. Interest has been somewhat later, after the car is put some damage and its owner bears the costs of their own pockets.

According to information provided by the European Insurance Alliance, nearly 70% of car owners use the service, the Kiev auto insurance and liability, but only 32% of vehicles are insured against theft. In addition, the total number of victims of vandalism and car theft 44% of their damages compensated by insurance, 43% – due to personal funds, and 13% of the owners of vehicles found other ways to solve the issue.

Among the main causes of car insurance policy Kiev Motorists call:

Lack of financial opportunities (27%)

Lack of time (19%)

Negative experiences of friends in working with insurance companies (11%)

Distrust of the insurers (10%).

It is interesting that 23% of motorists have never thought about the possibility to insure their “iron horse.”

In turn, the deputy chairman of the UK “Ukrainian Insurance Group, Gennady Mysnik noted that in Ukraine today is difficult to find insurance companies that implement policies of hull insurance, which provides only insurance against theft.

“Any insurance company will treat with caution the customer was willing to take out insurance just in case of theft,” – said the expert. Client who is interested in the option “only theft, immediately arouse suspicion from the insurer. This is due to the fact that the UK fear fraud by a client associated with simulated hijacking to obtain the insurance money.

In addition, the price of a normal policy hull can not be less than 5% of the cost of the car, experts say. “If the price of the policy less than 5%, in this case, the client must be prepared for all sorts of mischief, incorporated in the insurance contract.” Among them – a high deductible, it is extremely disadvantageous treatment of depreciation of the vehicle, serious restrictions on storage conditions car, etc.

According to the experts of the Association of Insurers of Ukraine, some of the UK is often incorrectly used the term “vehicle theft”. Experts, for example, are advised to define it in the contract of insurance in the context of criminal law. In particular, under the Criminal Code, there is no such thing as “stealing the vehicle.” This document establishes the liability is not for stealing a car, but for the illegal possession of them. Under such should be understood committed intentionally, for any purpose, unlawful seizure of any means of the vehicle from its owner or user against his will.

An expert said that at a zero deductible cost of the insurance policy will definitely be higher. In turn, the higher the deductible, the lower the rate of Hull.

In addition, the determination of the value of the policy Hull affect demand for the vehicle from Theft Auto: policy will be more expensive if it is enabled from “stealing”. Insurers say this situation is quite normal due to the increasing risks from insurance companies.

In practice, the date of payment of insurance compensation for auto theft, as a rule, does not exceed one month, says Mr. Mysnik. “Although it is often the situation depends on the lightness law enforcement officers who conduct business”, – the expert said.

Note that, until recently, some Russian Insurance refused to cover the Jeep brand Lexus in view of the extraordinary demand for them by the hijackers. “If the car is insured for the full hull and was hijacked, but the result proves that stealing is not staged, in which case motorist can expect to receive insurance reimbursement at approximately three months”, – the president of the Association of the insurance business, Igor Yakovenko. Although, he says, there are cases when necessary to wait longer, because the investigation may have suspicions about the fact that the hijacking fabricated.

In any case, buying a policy Hull, Mr. Yakovenko advises carefully poring over the conditions of insurance. “After all, contracts are written in different conditions are different, and sometimes people find it difficult to get insurance money due to the fact that the contract is very blurry defined conditions of insurance” – summed up the expert.

Pre-crisis generosity banks mortgages turned, as we know, plague of defaults. In serious players of the mortgage market is a good memory, and now none of them wants to risk stepping on the rake sample of four years ago. Therefore, to get a mortgage today is more complex than in 2007, but certainly easier than in the crisis of 2009 meters.

To bring a partner

In recent years, more noticeable was the integration of the mortgage market: the banks are trying to develop the direction of mortgage lending more closely with realtors, builders and brokers. Such partnership is necessary for all parties involved. On the one hand, it allows us to improve the preparation and conduct transactions with the use of mortgage funds. On the other, creating good conditions to attract potential customers from one partner to another. A preliminary work with the “mortgage” buyer conducted realtors, can reduce resource losses by banks during the primary screening.

In other words, when the real estate companies are well aware of the requirements for borrowers from banks, estate agents are experts in the credit departments of banks only to those customers who are likely to fully satisfy the criteria put forward by.

Several official figures. Of the total number of bank customers DeltaCredit in 2010, more than a third were involved in major real estate agencies. VTB 24 cooperates with almost a thousand developers. Affiliate Network Bank Uralsib of 250 construction companies, 800, realtor and brokerage firms. Serious figures. Even Sberbank, is not very agile, and he began a steady drift towards effective interaction with realtors and developers.

Integration is definitely beneficial to the consumer. He appears more opportunities, it saves time, can a more balanced investment in the solution of housing problems. It is no secret that their partners realtors financial institutions provide certain preferences, which may be exercised and the client. This refers not only reduced the percentage of the loan (the difference comes sometimes to 2.5 per cent), but also reduce the commission of the bank for a loan.

Moreover, the market prompted Moscow Credit Bank (ICB), in which a client who came to the bank with one of its partners, can get a mortgage ¬ current without any down payment. Of course, the “man on the street” so nobody will give a bonus.

Standards common to all

A long time there is talk of the need to unify the mortgage market. But it seems that only now, this idea was actually claimed by its participants. Unification in the classic sense is needed when implementing common to all standards. And the first thing we have in mind “credit passport”, ie, a single form of description of the basic loan terms, loan applications and mortgage.

Law on consumer credit, which have long waiting should identify a mechanism of systematic control over the conditions of loan agreements. We are talking about the part of the loan agreement, which was developed by the bank and proposed no change to an unlimited range of borrowers.

The need to establish credit passports – a common pattern of credit conditions – no doubt from anyone. Everyone knows that the borrower must be clean and simple way to compare offers of different banks. The passport of the credit – is a standardized table that all the information about the cost of credit and its key terms.

In the unification process also needs to receive and review of client applications from Realtors, which should boost sales of mortgage loans. April 19 Russian Regional Banks Association (ARB) was sent to the State Duma the draft law “On Amending the Federal Law” On banks and banking activity “and to Article 10 of the RF Law” On Protection of Consumer Rights. Among other things offer agreed among themselves determine the total cost of credit and the effective interest rate, which conform to international standards set out in particular in the EU Directive 2008/48 on consumer lending.

In tempo allegro

The attention of banks are beginning to use young families, military personnel, individual entrepreneurs. In particular, the bank’s management DeltaCredit recently stated: “The Russian economy is emerging from crisis, and with it grows and business activity. Individual entrepreneurs and other business owners are among the major participants in this process. Together with the stabilization and growth in incomes, and increased demand in this category of clients in the mortgage. Taking the decision to start issuing them credit, we targeted not only to increase the number of its borrowers, but also provide entrepreneurs with efficient and cost-effective tool for purchasing a new home. ”

Hopefully, these words are followed by deeds.

As is the case with the competition in the mortgage market? It grows, and simultaneously in two planes. Private banks have engaged in an unequal struggle for a client with the state sector – Sberbank, VTB 24, Gazprombank, and the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending. A parallel to that of actively competing with each other both private and state banks with the HMLA. This is a competitive field.

Now, in order to enhance the attractiveness of its mortgage programs banks race to cut interest rates the value of the initial fee and the cost of obtaining credit. Increase the loan amount and terms of lending and soften (but uneven and not all) of the requirements for borrowers and acquired real estate, increase the level of service at registration, issuance and servicing of the loan.

Realtors are happy to note that the deadline for consideration of applications has fallen to record lows. Finally, it became regarded as the norm, a decision in three to five days. The initial contribution in almost all banks fell to 20 percent of the cost of purchased housing. And mortgage rates continue to decline, despite the pessimistic mood of many experts and senior managers of banks.

The weighted average interest rate on mortgages dropped to 12.4 percent – a historic low, which had previously been recorded only once – in the first quarter of 2008.

Loyalty Records

To lower interest rates is pushing the growing competition in the market, since mortgage interest is the increasing number of banks. The liberalization of terms of mortgage loans ¬ quantization is also confirmed by the trend adjustment of interest rates on loans for the purchase of various types of real estate: apartments, houses, townhouses.

Nice innovation for customers – cancellation loan fees. Sometimes the loyalty of banks goes so far that as the subject of a mortgage may be used ¬ use apartments with inconsistent use of the apartments with unmatched redevelopment. Three to five months ago, this could not be considered. Another indirect effect of competition – the bank’s obligation to grant an extension to pay the loan in case of birth in the family of the borrower.

Supply and demand

Mortgage lending – an essential condition of a civilized market of real estate in today’s society. For various reasons, for many years, mortgage in our country has evolved, as they say, “through the stump-deck.” She became actively introduced into our lives only in 2005-2007, but with the beginning of the global economic crisis, 2008-2009, mortgages actually went to “no.” And finally, since the beginning of 2011 we see a positive ¬ are positive changes.

Quantitative indicators of change. Also seen a breakthrough, which recently could only dream of. In the orbit of the real estate market thanks to the mortgage became involved more and more segments of the population. We are seeing a pronounced client request for a product like buying a house, leveraged mortgage funds.

And if there is demand, there should be proposals ¬ of. We are obliged to meet the demand of anyone who approaches us, the fullest by improving the quality of our services, improve the service component, improving the financial and legal security of the client.

A more accurate – view of the bank vice-president and chairman of Rietumu RB Asset Management Dmitry Krutik market of precious metals, particularly gold market.

The desire to draw public attention to some market bubbles and imbalances was slightly higher than the June level of laziness. It has been repeatedly wrote and spoke about the increasing prices of precious metals, and the price of gold is higher, the more confident the crowd that he would continue not only to increase prices, but also to maintain the momentum of growth. The very fact of these expectations, overtaking bamboo shoots on the growth rate, indicates the presence of a bubble in this market.

Last week ended with a rise in prices: Gold has added 0.6%, platinum-palladium group + 3%, and all would look like is still positive, if not a little indicator of the speculative mood: silver, had experienced a recent rapid growth, and the same fierce fall again showed weakness last week, losing a week about 4 percent of the cost, total same-week run-up in the price of silver values?? ranged from 35 to 38.7 (10 per cent variation in prices in one week does not indicate the stability of the market).

Last week was issued an index of consumer confidence in the U.S., which included special interest rates and inflationary crisis of expectations. Inflationary expectations have not been updating historic highs, indicating that sideways, but not the resumption of inflationary growth. Indicators of crisis of expectations, one of which is the difficulty in finding employment and deterioration of the business showed a slight increase, compared with the previous month, but it is nevertheless possible to speak about emerging trends to reduce the crisis mode. Same thing about the inflationary pressures that may generate some resistance in the gold market.

We look moderately negative impact on the gold market, it being understood that the market may show the price level in 1590 – 1610 dollars per ounce, but we believe this boom possible, though unlikely.

The Internet went online version of the ancient Chinese game of mahjong. According to some references in it playing wise Confucius. It is so interesting to transfer the bones with a variety of characters and images. According to its principle puzzle basically like solitaire, but no association with the cards does not arise. The game mahjong well coached logical thinking, it advised to play and kids. So many options that you can disassemble the plane though the whole day. If you like to train in the mahjong all the time, they soon will develop certain skills and tried and tested techniques. At the same time on the server in real time competing in mahjong is permitted free of charge. And the game is not limited, disassemble or bone as much as you’d like. This game is beautifully develops logical thinking, to try to play it by the Council at an early age. Fans of this game enough, and this is understandable, it is very exciting.

It is difficult to come up with the same popular and easy familiar game, like dominoes. This game is very interesting in it played by people of different ages and intellectual levels. You can play dominoes in the room or with friends in a park on the street, a lot of options. But a good company does not always meet, and the weather may be unimportant. That’s why she made the online version of this game, it is absolutely free. In addition, you can pick out rivals from other countries and compete in a domino effect. You will be able to fight as a player at the same level and with an experienced player. It is interesting to test their strength in such an interesting contest like dominoes? Play, and after the time you start to win all of their friends.

Who can not fight in the naval battle on notebook sheet who have not spent fighting the school? A network play better than on paper. Play with the machine can anyone, the game Sea Battle is loaded completely free. Space on hard drive requires little in the game there are many possibilities. In another version of it and you can not download to your computer and play online. Opponents may also be experienced, and less you. According to a naval battle, even championship between participants from different countries. In online play until a few fans, but their number is constantly growing. The playing field is not disturbed, to follow developments on the screen is very interesting. Logical fun battleships can advise young children to exercise. One has only to show the basic principles, the rest is easily taken up.

Production of tiles with their hands can carry them on his summer cottage, while saving on buying the finished product pretty decent amount. Manufacture of paving their own hands will take you some time, but it does not affect the quality of the finished product, which in some cases will exceed the product on the market of construction materials.

On large-scale production for the manufacture of stone blocks during the manufacturing process used block-making, at home under the same conditions, this process can easily be replaced by the vibrating table, which can be made independently. When we do a paving their hands – we need: electricity, concrete, sand, gravel, water, vibration table, and forms that can be purchased at any hardware store. Just need a mixer.

In the manufacture of concrete mix is?? best to stick with GOST 10178-85, simply, pick up the cement with an inscription on the package is not below M500. Just need to use a cement factory of the manufacturer, as the cement has different colors. Sand for the manufacture of paving stones with their own hands should the purchase in accordance with GOST 8737-93, ie a module size of granules should not exceed the number 2.

When choosing gravel, plays an important role to frost, which should not be below 200. Crushed stone shall conform to GOST 8267-82, and to be used at least 1000. As colorants for tile use of pigments, which should be resistant to alkaline conditions. The most common and best are inorganic oxide pigments, the use of which tiles can take a variety of colors colors.

Summarizing we can say that when we make the tiles with their hands, the process of production takes place in several stages. In the first stage we prepare the forms for the paving slabs. The second stage is the preparation of concrete. The third stage is the most important is molding on the vibrator. And in the final phase is needed in the form of an extract tiles throughout the day. After completing all the above stages, tile ready for use.

In reality, to create a comfortable pen was heavy. In October 1888, John J. Loud patented by Massachusetts’ pen with a spinning nozzle. He used a small ball, which one party is located in the ink. Over the next 30 years, USA Patent Office has issued 350 patents on these pens, but neither one of them did not become a product.

Refer to this historical precedent, allowed to make a court, if the ancestor of thought pen was John J. Loud. But not that way long ago, the Armenian archeologists found a scroll, dated 1166 year, which was depicted weird adaptation of the message. They tried to restore it with the support of those funds that have been shown in the picture – cane trunk, which snutri hollow bead with a decorating fluid. As soon as the experiment was over, the scientists found a surprise in my hands… An old ballpoint pen.

In the era of John D. Laud main obstacle was the ink. Very watery ohttp: / / www.blogger. Com / img / blank. Gifstavlyali blots on paper and soiled pocket. Very thick froze on the ball. From time to time been able to create suitable controlled conditions, and then ink worked as long as necessary… Does not change the temperature of the air. The best, though got to create – ball-point pen, koiya writing, usually have at air temperature 70 0F (21 0C), but below 64 0F (18 0C), plugging, and more than 77 0F (25 0C) – leaking and left blots. Then, because of this dilemma began brothers Biro (Biro). Oposlya a universal struggle of 18 unheated Ladislav Biro, discharged from the Hungarian army tried level classes. He taught medicine, art, fond hypnosis, however, neither one of the specialties did not intrigued by it so as to start the qualification. Newspaper occupation he took up the case.

It is now difficult to work on the ground in the absence of such apparatus as a harrow Kiev. And does not matter how much territory should be processed (10 hectare or 10 hectares) with no functional data sets is difficult to imagine a performance of almost all everyday transactions.

How not to get lost in the abundance of the proposed models of cultivators bazaars? A no favorites – galvanic or gasoline? Now the buyer has chance to buy power tillers, working from the machinations of 220, with varying power and functionality. More common model elektrokultivatorov – uzkofunktsionalny (they have non-replaceable blades and have every chance to do just 1 operation – loosening). Usually have these models have the capacity within 600 W, working width from 18 to 36 cm and depth of subsoiling to 14 cm Their undisputed advantage is a little credibility (6-8 kg) and they are quite suitable for work on the sandy foundations of a chernozem.

In line elektrokultivatorov still have the most robust and feature-rich models. Businesslike way they performed, as well as their gasoline counterparts. They have the capacity regulations 1300 – 1500 Watts, credibility around 20 kg, a working width from 18 to 60 cm and depth of finish ground to 18 cm Mills on those cultivators removable, allows adjust the working width, not counting this, these devices are allowed to apply more closely additional suspension equipment – hiller, not heavy harrows, aerators, etc. Just more like the middle elektrokultivatorov in the middle of petrol models is small functional units (power of 1 hp), they are still referred to as multi-system, and there are followers of the average (power 3.5 – 4.0 hp) and the languid class (above 5.0 hp).

Laminator-perhaps just one machine, which performs the adhesive film and designed for lamination of the product. Depending on this, what genre of product are you going to do, you elect the form of a laminator. Most-most vseprigodny apparatus: probably narrow web laminating with hot rubber rollers – office supplies. Singer-sided and, optionally, one-sided lamination, performs a roll lamination and foil envelope; executes benign lamination of all planes; applicable plenochka PP, PET and PVC from 25 to 250mkn; folgiruet. Less Wotan – low productivity in circulation with single-sided lamination.

Least vseprigodny, but all after vseprigodny installation – narrow web laminator for office with “shoes”. Performed by authorized and single-and double-sided lamination with the highest speed, performs work of a film base of PP, PET and PVC. Nonuniversality only, like working with film more 100mkn will have mikrotsarapiny from friction shoe on film.

For each of the distinguished genres use different plenochka. Laminating film is traditionally referred to as the base polymer coated with an adhesive layer. But there laminators who use film in the absence of the adhesive layer – maybe a roll of polypropylene, the hell during his warm-up serves a glue. Since the first bit of the film has the greatest distribution and use, the main interest I have slowed down specifically on it. Finally, plenochka coated with an adhesive layer made from a polymer base, and it bears an adhesive layer EVA, mystery (in the sense of composition) which is pure saves leader. Connecting link between the data layers working that way referred to as pad-E.

Acquaintance with the underwater world can be very painful.

The population census of the ocean, which ended last year, suggests that living in the seas of 185, 000 living organisms. Many of them are dangerous to humans.

World Ocean occupies nearly three-quarters of the earth’s surface. Scientists are divided into five major oceans: Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Arctic and Southern Arctic. In 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, has proposed a new holiday – World Oceans Day, and in 2008 the General Assembly of the United Nations decided that the holiday will be celebrated officially on June 8 of each year. So that mankind was yet another opportunity to encourage all people to preserve nature at its best, take care of the flora and fauna of the ocean. “Comments” on the Day of the Oceans decided to acquaint readers with the most venomous inhabitants of the ocean waters.

Fish, Zebra, samara

Found in coastal waters of the Red Sea, the tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans – the coast of China, Japan and Australia. The body length of 30-40 cm is painted bright pink stripes. The main decoration of lionfish – long ribbons of dorsal and pectoral fins. It is in these luxurious fins concealed sharp poisonous needles. Lionfish sting causes intense pain from which people lose consciousness or fall into a state of shock.

It is believed that zebra fish is able to kill a man, but such cases are documented are not fixed in any of the places where she lives. Lionfish venom poisoning occurs very hard (several hours): it is accompanied by cramps, a violation of the heart, it happens that at the puncture site developed gangrene.

Cone (cone snail)

Most mollusks live in warm tropical seas, but some are able to live at high latitudes. Cones are very active when they were touched in their habitat. Their device consists of a toxic poison gland duct associated with the firm proboscis radula Turk, located at the narrow end of the shell, with sharp spikes, replacing mollusk teeth. Most of the cones is powered marine worms, but there are cone-mollyuskoedy, and cones-anglers. If you take the shell into the hands of the cone instantly pushes the radula and plunges into the body of thorns. A shot is accompanied by acute, leading up to loss of consciousness with pain, numbness lesion and other body parts can then paralysis of the respiratory and cardiovascular system. The action of venom of the cone is similar to the action of cobra venom – it blocks the transmission of signals from nerves to muscles.

According to statistics, one out of three, and even two cases of thorn prick cone ends in death. However, all these cases are caused by man: to attract beautiful shells, he tried to take her hand and forced the cone to defend himself. Meanwhile, right now, based on venom of the cones are drugs, for example, against epileptic seizures, or painkillers.

Tsianeya Hairy

Tsianeya – the world’s largest jellyfish. Prevalent in all northern seas the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, is found in the surface layers of water near the coast. Peter the Great Bay specimen with a maximum diameter umbrella 74-76 cm was recorded in October 1997, at the eastern coast of the USA last century, the famous zoologist Louis. Agissitsem marked jellyfish c diameter dome of 2,2 m. Maximum diameter was also recorded umbrella – 2,28 m with a length of the tentacles 36.5 m (Guinness Book of Records).

Pileus is provided with strong muscles, his muscles – brown or matte color with brown or red tint, and the umbrella is painted in red with a crimson or brick hue. Tentacles descend from the edges of the umbrella and form a nearly continuous curtain around them. Cyan – predators. Long, densely many tentacles seated stinging cells. With their vystrelivanii in the victim’s body enters a strong poison that kills small animals and causing considerable damage to larger.

Scorpion fish, sea ruff

This fish inhabits the seas around the Mediterranean Sea in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean off the African and European shores. He lives in the coastal zone, seagrass beds, and most of the time lying on the bottom waiting for prey. If careless fish or large crayfish swim to the sea ershu distance of 10-15 cm, it makes a very sharp spurt, opening mouth, where production and absorbed along with the current of water. Once a month, the Marine ruff Lin – clears the upper layer of skin like a snake. For a man dangerous injections Marine Ruff – they cause severe pain, and sores often become infected.

Jellyfish

Prevalent off the coast of northern Australia and Indonesia. W namenita due to its ability to cause burns – animal completely covered with tentacles stinging cells that contain a strong poison. Burns jellyfish cause excruciating pain, but their strength is sufficient to freely kill 60 adult humans have three minutes. It is believed that over the past 100 years, jellyfish have been caused by burns up to 100 deaths. Together, this forms the basis for the widely held view that it is the most poisonous and most dangerous jellyfish in the ocean, and perhaps even, and the most dangerous animal in the world. In the habitat of jellyfish swimming in the water mesh fences are installed, through which can not penetrate jellyfish.

Puffer, puffer fish, fish ball, fish-dog

Distributed in subtropical and tropical seas.. In a stressful situation can increase in size by 2-3 times. It can not depend on the environment – in special bags that are located in the abdominal cavity, the fish can gain both water and air. Dog-fish and puffer her nickname for the special unit of teeth. In a fugue fused teeth are four solid plate, with which Blowfish split shells of crab and mollusk shells to obtain food. Fugu fish contains lethal dose yadda Tetrodotoxin in the internal organs, mainly in the liver and caviar, gall bladder and skin. Liver and eggs fugu fish can not eat at all the other parts of the body – after a thorough decontamination. Venom reversibly blocks sodium channels of membranes of nerve cells and paralyze the muscles, causing respiratory failure. Despite the licensing of cooks preparing fugu every year a certain number of people who ate incorrectly prepared dish, dies from poisoning.

Borodavchatka, fish-stone

The most dangerous of all the known venomous fish. The length of the average individual about 20-40 cm Borodavchatka a sedentary lifestyle, usually kept near the shore. Because of the great similarity with the coastal rocks to see it is practically impossible, even on land, where she falls in large flows. Fish-Stone has the ability to produce venom and injecting it into the victim in 12 thick spines of dorsal fin. Their spines borodavchatka raises the slightest stimulation – sharp and strong, they easily penetrate deep into the muscle, piercing even ordinary shoes for bathers. Usually unhappy loses consciousness almost immediately because of the unbearable pain and destruction of vital nerve centers. If the barb hit a major blood vessel, death can occur within 2-3 hours.

Golubokolchaty octopus

This little octopus living in the coastal waters of the western tropical Pacific Ocean and adjacent parts of the Indian Ocean. Is small in size – up to 20 cm and weighing up to 100 g. In the excited state of octopus covered bright blue spots. When the clam is calm, it can easily be confused with two other small and completely harmless octopuses. Venom of the mollusk – a neurotoxin produced by the salivary glands consists of two components, each of which is deadly. They act simultaneously on the nervous and muscular system, causing paralysis of respiratory muscles. Hitherto been known only means of salvation affected by the poison of octopus – an immediate and prolonged artificial respiration.

Sea urchin

All in all the world there are about 940 species of sea urchins. The body of sea urchins are usually nearly spherical, ranging in size from 2-3 to 30 cm, covered with rows of calcareous plates that form a dense shell. With this shell are connected by various lengths of needles – from 1-2 mm (flat hedgehogs) to 25-30 cm (diademovye urchins). There is even a kind, completely devoid of needles. – Toksopneustes. The needles are used for marine ezham movement, nutrition and protection. Some species are poisonous. These species are distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical areas of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Delicate needles, penetrating into the body, break off, and pour toxins into the tissues. At the time of the defeat of needles poisonous sea urchin feels severe pain. A few minutes later the lesion appeared hyperemia (local increase in temperature) and swelling. Sometimes observed local loss of skin sensitivity, atony, may be paralysis of the affected limb.

Skate hvostokol

Body length ramp – up to 2,5 m, weight – up to 16 kg. At the base of the tail is a large, jagged at the edges of thorns, pricks which are dangerous (in the groove spines are venomous gland). The ancient Greeks used the poison from the spine ramp-hvostokola as an anesthetic in dentistry. Annually in the world from a thorn prick sea cat is suffering more than 3000 people.

Usually stingrays do not attack people, preferring to hide at their approach. Poisonous stingray barb – a purely defensive weapon, which animals are used only in case of danger, in particular – when trying to unwary divers “get acquainted”. In 2006, it is thus killed an Australian television personality Steve Irwin, known as the “crocodile hunter”. During the filming of “The most dangerous inhabitants of the ocean at the Great Barrier Reef, he has received from the stingray sting a thorn in the heart.

Cooperation is considered as the third sector of the economy, along with private and public sectors. In a market economy, cooperation serves as a “third force” or a “third alternative” to public and private production. Co-operation combines economic activity and social movement. Currently there are about 700 million co-operators. International Cooperative Alliance includes 192 National Cooperative Union of 76 countries.

Co-operation in housing construction was quite popular in our country, and now constitute many cooperatives. By itself, the legal mechanism of HBC allows you to effectively distribute funds shareholders who hold competitions among contractors, to plan construction work, except that now there are various tax breaks, incentives for cooperatives. But that’s not all, of the State Duma considered a law on free land allocation to cooperatives formed by state and municipal unitary enterprises and other subordinate organizations.

In some subjects, such as in the city of Troitsk, Moscow Region, has no competition to allocate land for HBC.

With regard to financing the construction, there are various schemes for HBC, with the participation of the Agency’s mortgage lending, such lending units of mortgages. This is a scheme where shareholders receive a loan against their same initial share contribution. And if the land is allocated for free, in accordance with the law, shareholders sign an undertaking that within a certain time undertake to build housing, thereby forming the state guarantees the demand, under which banks allocate credit on good terms.

From the foregoing it is clear that forming cooperatives primarily benefit the end consumer, which means that this mechanism is able to engage in the construction of more or less solvent, Russia’s population.